Wereldlijst van Daan Drukker
730 soorten
914 taxa
Daan Drukker heeft soorten van 90 van de 256 vogelfamilies gezien en soorten van 25 van de 44 ordes.
ANSERIFORMESDucks, Geese, Swans · Anatidae |
|
| 1. | Brant Goose · Branta bernicla |
| 2. | Red-breasted Goose · Branta ruficollis |
| 3. | Canada Goose · Branta canadensis |
| 4. | Barnacle Goose · Branta leucopsis |
| 5. | Ross's Goose · Anser rossii |
| 6. | Snow Goose · Anser caerulescens |
| 7. | Greylag Goose · Anser anser |
| 8. | Taiga Bean Goose · Anser fabalis |
| 9. | Pink-footed Goose · Anser brachyrhynchus |
| 10. | Tundra Bean Goose · Anser serrirostris |
| 11. | Greater White-fronted Goose · Anser albifrons |
| 12. | Lesser White-fronted Goose · Anser erythropus |
| 13. | Mute Swan · Cygnus olor |
| 14. | Tundra Swan · Cygnus columbianus |
| 15. | Whooper Swan · Cygnus cygnus |
| 16. | Common Shelduck · Tadorna tadorna |
| 17. | Ruddy Shelduck · Tadorna ferruginea |
| 18. | Wood Duck · Aix sponsa |
| 19. | Baikal Teal · Sibirionetta formosa |
| 20. | Garganey · Spatula querquedula |
| 21. | Blue-winged Teal · Spatula discors |
| 22. | Northern Shoveler · Spatula clypeata |
| 23. | Gadwall · Mareca strepera |
| 24. | Falcated Duck · Mareca falcata |
| 25. | Eurasian Wigeon · Mareca penelope |
| 26. | American Wigeon · Mareca americana |
| 27. | Mallard · Anas platyrhynchos |
| 28. | Northern Pintail · Anas acuta |
| 29. | Eurasian Teal · Anas crecca |
| 30. | Green-winged Teal · Anas carolinensis |
| 31. | Marbled Duck · Marmaronetta angustirostris |
| 32. | Red-crested Pochard · Netta rufina |
| 33. | Redhead · Aythya americana |
| 34. | Common Pochard · Aythya ferina |
| 35. | Ferruginous Duck · Aythya nyroca |
| 36. | Ring-necked Duck · Aythya collaris |
| 37. | Tufted Duck · Aythya fuligula |
| 38. | Greater Scaup · Aythya marila |
| 39. | Lesser Scaup · Aythya affinis |
| 40. | King Eider · Somateria spectabilis |
| 41. | Common Eider · Somateria mollissima |
| 42. | Harlequin Duck · Histrionicus histrionicus |
| 43. | Surf Scoter · Melanitta perspicillata |
| 44. | Velvet Scoter · Melanitta fusca |
| 45. | White-winged Scoter · Melanitta deglandi |
| 46. | Common Scoter · Melanitta nigra |
| 47. | Long-tailed Duck · Clangula hyemalis |
| 48. | Bufflehead · Bucephala albeola |
| 49. | Common Goldeneye · Bucephala clangula |
| 50. | Barrow's Goldeneye · Bucephala islandica |
| 51. | Smew · Mergellus albellus |
| 52. | Hooded Merganser · Lophodytes cucullatus |
| 53. | Common Merganser · Mergus merganser |
| 54. | Red-breasted Merganser · Mergus serrator |
| 55. | Ruddy Duck · Oxyura jamaicensis |
| 56. | White-headed Duck · Oxyura leucocephala |
GALLIFORMESNew World Quail · Odontophoridae |
|
| 57. | California Quail · Callipepla californica |
Pheasants & Allies · Phasianidae |
|
| 58. | Sooty Grouse · Dendragapus fuliginosus |
| 59. | White-tailed Ptarmigan · Lagopus leucura |
| 60. | Rock Ptarmigan · Lagopus muta |
| 61. | Western Capercaillie · Tetrao urogallus |
| 62. | Black Grouse · Lyrurus tetrix |
| 63. | Grey Partridge · Perdix perdix |
| 64. | Black Francolin · Francolinus francolinus |
| 65. | Sand Partridge · Ammoperdix heyi |
| 66. | Common Quail · Coturnix coturnix |
| 67. | Barbary Partridge · Alectoris barbara |
| 68. | Red-legged Partridge · Alectoris rufa |
| 69. | Chukar Partridge · Alectoris chukar |
| 70. | Rock Partridge · Alectoris graeca |
| 71. | Double-spurred Spurfowl · Pternistis bicalcaratus |
CAPRIMULGIFORMESNightjars · Caprimulgidae |
|
| 72. | Common Nighthawk · Chordeiles minor |
| 73. | European Nightjar · Caprimulgus europaeus |
| 74. | Egyptian Nightjar · Caprimulgus aegyptius |
| 75. | Nubian Nightjar · Caprimulgus nubicus |
| 76. | Golden Nightjar · Caprimulgus eximius |
APODIFORMESSwifts · Apodidae |
|
| 77. | American Black Swift · Cypseloides niger |
| 78. | Vaux's Swift · Chaetura vauxi |
| 79. | White-throated Swift · Aeronautes saxatalis |
| 80. | Alpine Swift · Tachymarptis melba |
| 81. | Cape Verde Swift · Apus alexandri |
| 82. | Common Swift · Apus apus |
| 83. | Plain Swift · Apus unicolor |
| 84. | Pallid Swift · Apus pallidus |
| 85. | Little Swift · Apus affinis |
Hummingbirds · Trochilidae |
|
| 86. | Anna's Hummingbird · Calypte anna |
| 87. | Rufous Hummingbird · Selasphorus rufus |
| 88. | Allen's Hummingbird · Selasphorus sasin |
OTIDIFORMESBustards · Otididae |
|
| 89. | Great Bustard · Otis tarda |
| 90. | African Houbara · Chlamydotis undulata |
| 91. | Little Bustard · Tetrax tetrax |
CUCULIFORMESCuckoos · Cuculidae |
|
| 92. | Common Cuckoo · Cuculus canorus |
PTEROCLIFORMESSandgrouse · Pteroclidae |
|
| 93. | Spotted Sandgrouse · Pterocles senegallus |
| 94. | Black-bellied Sandgrouse · Pterocles orientalis |
| 95. | Crowned Sandgrouse · Pterocles coronatus |
| 96. | Lichtenstein's Sandgrouse · Pterocles lichtensteinii |
COLUMBIFORMESPigeons, Doves · Columbidae |
|
| 97. | Rock Dove · Columba livia |
| 98. | Stock Dove · Columba oenas |
| 99. | Common Wood Pigeon · Columba palumbus |
| 100. | Bolle's Pigeon · Columba bollii |
| 101. | Laurel Pigeon · Columba junoniae |
| 102. | Band-tailed Pigeon · Patagioenas fasciata |
| 103. | European Turtle Dove · Streptopelia turtur |
| 104. | Oriental Turtle Dove · Streptopelia orientalis |
| 105. | Eurasian Collared Dove · Streptopelia decaocto |
| 106. | Laughing Dove · Spilopelia senegalensis |
| 107. | Namaqua Dove · Oena capensis |
| 108. | Mourning Dove · Zenaida macroura |
GRUIFORMESRails, Crakes & Coots · Rallidae |
|
| 109. | Water Rail · Rallus aquaticus |
| 110. | African Crake · Crecopsis egregia |
| 111. | Corn Crake · Crex crex |
| 112. | Spotted Crake · Porzana porzana |
| 113. | Lesser Moorhen · Paragallinula angulata |
| 114. | Common Moorhen · Gallinula chloropus |
| 115. | Eurasian Coot · Fulica atra |
| 116. | Red-knobbed Coot · Fulica cristata |
| 117. | American Coot · Fulica americana |
| 118. | Western Swamphen · Porphyrio porphyrio |
| 119. | Baillon's Crake · Zapornia pusilla |
| 120. | Little Crake · Zapornia parva |
Cranes · Gruidae |
|
| 121. | Common Crane · Grus grus |
PODICIPEDIFORMESGrebes · Podicipedidae |
|
| 122. | Little Grebe · Tachybaptus ruficollis |
| 123. | Pied-billed Grebe · Podilymbus podiceps |
| 124. | Red-necked Grebe · Podiceps grisegena |
| 125. | Great Crested Grebe · Podiceps cristatus |
| 126. | Horned Grebe · Podiceps auritus |
| 127. | Black-necked Grebe · Podiceps nigricollis |
| 128. | Western Grebe · Aechmophorus occidentalis |
| 129. | Clark's Grebe · Aechmophorus clarkii |
PHOENICOPTERIFORMESFlamingos · Phoenicopteridae |
|
| 130. | Greater Flamingo · Phoenicopterus roseus |
CHARADRIIFORMESButtonquail · Turnicidae |
|
| 131. | Common Buttonquail · Turnix sylvaticus |
Stone-curlews, Thick-knees · Burhinidae |
|
| 132. | Eurasian Stone-curlew · Burhinus oedicnemus |
Oystercatchers · Haematopodidae |
|
| 133. | Black Oystercatcher · Haematopus bachmani |
| 134. | Eurasian Oystercatcher · Haematopus ostralegus |
Stilts, Avocets · Recurvirostridae |
|
| 135. | Black-winged Stilt · Himantopus himantopus |
| 136. | Black-necked Stilt · Himantopus mexicanus |
| 137. | Pied Avocet · Recurvirostra avosetta |
Plovers · Charadriidae |
|
| 138. | Grey Plover · Pluvialis squatarola |
| 139. | European Golden Plover · Pluvialis apricaria |
| 140. | Pacific Golden Plover · Pluvialis fulva |
| 141. | American Golden Plover · Pluvialis dominica |
| 142. | Eurasian Dotterel · Eudromias morinellus |
| 143. | Killdeer · Charadrius vociferus |
| 144. | Common Ringed Plover · Charadrius hiaticula |
| 145. | Semipalmated Plover · Charadrius semipalmatus |
| 146. | Little Ringed Plover · Charadrius dubius |
| 147. | Northern Lapwing · Vanellus vanellus |
| 148. | Spur-winged Lapwing · Vanellus spinosus |
| 149. | Grey-headed Lapwing · Vanellus cinereus |
| 150. | Sociable Lapwing · Vanellus gregarius |
| 151. | White-tailed Lapwing · Vanellus leucurus |
| 152. | Caspian Plover · Anarhynchus asiaticus |
| 153. | Greater Sand Plover · Anarhynchus leschenaultii |
| 154. | Kentish Plover · Anarhynchus alexandrinus |
Sandpipers, Snipes · Scolopacidae |
|
| 155. | Eurasian Whimbrel · Numenius phaeopus |
| 156. | Hudsonian Whimbrel · Numenius hudsonicus |
| 157. | Little Curlew · Numenius minutus |
| 158. | Long-billed Curlew · Numenius americanus |
| 159. | Eurasian Curlew · Numenius arquata |
| 160. | Bar-tailed Godwit · Limosa lapponica |
| 161. | Black-tailed Godwit · Limosa limosa |
| 162. | Marbled Godwit · Limosa fedoa |
| 163. | Long-billed Dowitcher · Limnodromus scolopaceus |
| 164. | Jack Snipe · Lymnocryptes minimus |
| 165. | Eurasian Woodcock · Scolopax rusticola |
| 166. | Great Snipe · Gallinago media |
| 167. | Common Snipe · Gallinago gallinago |
| 168. | Wilson's Phalarope · Phalaropus tricolor |
| 169. | Red Phalarope · Phalaropus fulicarius |
| 170. | Red-necked Phalarope · Phalaropus lobatus |
| 171. | Terek Sandpiper · Xenus cinereus |
| 172. | Common Sandpiper · Actitis hypoleucos |
| 173. | Spotted Sandpiper · Actitis macularius |
| 174. | Green Sandpiper · Tringa ochropus |
| 175. | Wandering Tattler · Tringa incana |
| 176. | Marsh Sandpiper · Tringa stagnatilis |
| 177. | Wood Sandpiper · Tringa glareola |
| 178. | Common Redshank · Tringa totanus |
| 179. | Lesser Yellowlegs · Tringa flavipes |
| 180. | Willet · Tringa semipalmata |
| 181. | Spotted Redshank · Tringa erythropus |
| 182. | Common Greenshank · Tringa nebularia |
| 183. | Greater Yellowlegs · Tringa melanoleuca |
| 184. | Ruddy Turnstone · Arenaria interpres |
| 185. | Black Turnstone · Arenaria melanocephala |
| 186. | Great Knot · Calidris tenuirostris |
| 187. | Red Knot · Calidris canutus |
| 188. | Ruff · Calidris pugnax |
| 189. | Broad-billed Sandpiper · Calidris falcinellus |
| 190. | Sharp-tailed Sandpiper · Calidris acuminata |
| 191. | Stilt Sandpiper · Calidris himantopus |
| 192. | Curlew Sandpiper · Calidris ferruginea |
| 193. | Temminck's Stint · Calidris temminckii |
| 194. | Buff-breasted Sandpiper · Calidris subruficollis |
| 195. | Sanderling · Calidris alba |
| 196. | Dunlin · Calidris alpina |
| 197. | Purple Sandpiper · Calidris maritima |
| 198. | Baird's Sandpiper · Calidris bairdii |
| 199. | Little Stint · Calidris minuta |
| 200. | Least Sandpiper · Calidris minutilla |
| 201. | Pectoral Sandpiper · Calidris melanotos |
| 202. | Western Sandpiper · Calidris mauri |
| 203. | Semipalmated Sandpiper · Calidris pusilla |
Coursers, Pratincoles · Glareolidae |
|
| 204. | Cream-colored Courser · Cursorius cursor |
| 205. | Oriental Pratincole · Glareola maldivarum |
| 206. | Black-winged Pratincole · Glareola nordmanni |
| 207. | Collared Pratincole · Glareola pratincola |
Gulls, Terns, Skimmers · Laridae |
|
| 208. | Little Tern · Sternula albifrons |
| 209. | Gull-billed Tern · Gelochelidon nilotica |
| 210. | Caspian Tern · Hydroprogne caspia |
| 211. | Whiskered Tern · Chlidonias hybrida |
| 212. | Black Tern · Chlidonias niger |
| 213. | White-winged Tern · Chlidonias leucopterus |
| 214. | Arctic Tern · Sterna paradisaea |
| 215. | Common Tern · Sterna hirundo |
| 216. | Roseate Tern · Sterna dougallii |
| 217. | Sandwich Tern · Thalasseus sandvicensis |
| 218. | Elegant Tern · Thalasseus elegans |
| 219. | Lesser Crested Tern · Thalasseus bengalensis |
| 220. | West African Crested Tern · Thalasseus albididorsalis |
| 221. | Royal Tern · Thalasseus maximus |
| 222. | Little Gull · Hydrocoloeus minutus |
| 223. | Ross's Gull · Rhodostethia rosea |
| 224. | Black-legged Kittiwake · Rissa tridactyla |
| 225. | Ivory Gull · Pagophila eburnea |
| 226. | Sabine's Gull · Xema sabini |
| 227. | Slender-billed Gull · Chroicocephalus genei |
| 228. | Bonaparte's Gull · Chroicocephalus philadelphia |
| 229. | Black-headed Gull · Chroicocephalus ridibundus |
| 230. | Audouin's Gull · Ichthyaetus audouinii |
| 231. | Mediterranean Gull · Ichthyaetus melanocephalus |
| 232. | White-eyed Gull · Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus |
| 233. | Heermann's Gull · Larus heermanni |
| 234. | Common Gull · Larus canus |
| 235. | Ring-billed Gull · Larus delawarensis |
| 236. | Western Gull · Larus occidentalis |
| 237. | Caspian Gull · Larus cachinnans |
| 238. | Kelp Gull · Larus dominicanus |
| 239. | European Herring Gull · Larus argentatus |
| 240. | Yellow-legged Gull · Larus michahellis |
| 241. | Armenian Gull · Larus armenicus |
| 242. | Great Black-backed Gull · Larus marinus |
| 243. | Glaucous Gull · Larus hyperboreus |
| 244. | Lesser Black-backed Gull · Larus fuscus |
| 245. | California Gull · Larus californicus |
| 246. | American Herring Gull · Larus smithsonianus |
| 247. | Glaucous-winged Gull · Larus glaucescens |
| 248. | Iceland Gull · Larus glaucoides |
Skuas · Stercorariidae |
|
| 249. | Long-tailed Jaeger · Stercorarius longicaudus |
| 250. | Parasitic Jaeger · Stercorarius parasiticus |
| 251. | Pomarine Jaeger · Stercorarius pomarinus |
| 252. | Great Skua · Stercorarius skua |
| 253. | South Polar Skua · Stercorarius maccormicki |
Auks · Alcidae |
|
| 254. | Rhinoceros Auklet · Cerorhinca monocerata |
| 255. | Tufted Puffin · Fratercula cirrhata |
| 256. | Atlantic Puffin · Fratercula arctica |
| 257. | Cassin's Auklet · Ptychoramphus aleuticus |
| 258. | Marbled Murrelet · Brachyramphus marmoratus |
| 259. | Black Guillemot · Cepphus grylle |
| 260. | Pigeon Guillemot · Cepphus columba |
| 261. | Razorbill · Alca torda |
| 262. | Little Auk · Alle alle |
| 263. | Thick-billed Murre · Uria lomvia |
| 264. | Common Murre · Uria aalge |
| 265. | Ancient Murrelet · Synthliboramphus antiquus |
PHAETHONTIFORMESTropicbirds · Phaethontidae |
|
| 266. | Red-billed Tropicbird · Phaethon aethereus |
GAVIIFORMESLoons · Gaviidae |
|
| 267. | Red-throated Loon · Gavia stellata |
| 268. | Black-throated Loon · Gavia arctica |
| 269. | Common Loon · Gavia immer |
| 270. | Yellow-billed Loon · Gavia adamsii |
PROCELLARIIFORMESAlbatrosses · Diomedeidae |
|
| 271. | Black-footed Albatross · Phoebastria nigripes |
Northern Storm Petrels · Hydrobatidae |
|
| 272. | European Storm Petrel · Hydrobates pelagicus |
| 273. | Leach's Storm Petrel · Hydrobates leucorhous |
Petrels, Shearwaters, Diving Petrels · Procellariidae |
|
| 274. | Northern Fulmar · Fulmarus glacialis |
| 275. | Fea's Petrel · Pterodroma feae |
| 276. | Cory's Shearwater · Calonectris borealis |
| 277. | Scopoli's Shearwater · Calonectris diomedea |
| 278. | Cape Verde Shearwater · Calonectris edwardsii |
| 279. | Sooty Shearwater · Ardenna grisea |
| 280. | Great Shearwater · Ardenna gravis |
| 281. | Manx Shearwater · Puffinus puffinus |
| 282. | Yelkouan Shearwater · Puffinus yelkouan |
| 283. | Balearic Shearwater · Puffinus mauretanicus |
CICONIIFORMESStorks · Ciconiidae |
|
| 284. | Black Stork · Ciconia nigra |
| 285. | White Stork · Ciconia ciconia |
SULIFORMESGannets, Boobies · Sulidae |
|
| 286. | Northern Gannet · Morus bassanus |
| 287. | Brown Booby · Sula leucogaster |
Cormorants, Shags · Phalacrocoracidae |
|
| 288. | Pygmy Cormorant · Microcarbo pygmaeus |
| 289. | Brandt's Cormorant · Urile penicillatus |
| 290. | Pelagic Cormorant · Urile pelagicus |
| 291. | Great Cormorant · Phalacrocorax carbo |
| 292. | European Shag · Gulosus aristotelis |
| 293. | Double-crested Cormorant · Nannopterum auritum |
PELECANIFORMESIbises, Spoonbills · Threskiornithidae |
|
| 294. | Northern Bald Ibis · Geronticus eremita |
| 295. | Glossy Ibis · Plegadis falcinellus |
| 296. | Eurasian Spoonbill · Platalea leucorodia |
Herons, Bitterns · Ardeidae |
|
| 297. | Eurasian Bittern · Botaurus stellaris |
| 298. | Dwarf Bittern · Botaurus sturmii |
| 299. | Little Bittern · Botaurus minutus |
| 300. | Black-crowned Night Heron · Nycticorax nycticorax |
| 301. | Snowy Egret · Egretta thula |
| 302. | Little Egret · Egretta garzetta |
| 303. | Western Reef Heron · Egretta gularis |
| 304. | Squacco Heron · Ardeola ralloides |
| 305. | Great Egret · Ardea alba |
| 306. | Medium Egret · Ardea intermedia |
| 307. | Western Cattle Egret · Ardea ibis |
| 308. | Grey Heron · Ardea cinerea |
| 309. | Great Blue Heron · Ardea herodias |
| 310. | Purple Heron · Ardea purpurea |
Pelicans · Pelecanidae |
|
| 311. | Great White Pelican · Pelecanus onocrotalus |
| 312. | American White Pelican · Pelecanus erythrorhynchos |
| 313. | Brown Pelican · Pelecanus occidentalis |
ACCIPITRIFORMESNew World Vultures · Cathartidae |
|
| 314. | California Condor · Gymnogyps californianus |
| 315. | Turkey Vulture · Cathartes aura |
Ospreys · Pandionidae |
|
| 316. | Osprey · Pandion haliaetus |
Kites, Hawks, Eagles · Accipitridae |
|
| 317. | Black-winged Kite · Elanus caeruleus |
| 318. | Bearded Vulture · Gypaetus barbatus |
| 319. | Egyptian Vulture · Neophron percnopterus |
| 320. | European Honey Buzzard · Pernis apivorus |
| 321. | Crested Honey Buzzard · Pernis ptilorhynchus |
| 322. | Cinereous Vulture · Aegypius monachus |
| 323. | Rüppell's Vulture · Gyps rueppelli |
| 324. | Griffon Vulture · Gyps fulvus |
| 325. | Short-toed Snake Eagle · Circaetus gallicus |
| 326. | Greater Spotted Eagle · Clanga clanga |
| 327. | Booted Eagle · Hieraaetus pennatus |
| 328. | Steppe Eagle · Aquila nipalensis |
| 329. | Eastern Imperial Eagle · Aquila heliaca |
| 330. | Golden Eagle · Aquila chrysaetos |
| 331. | Bonelli's Eagle · Aquila fasciata |
| 332. | Sharp-shinned Hawk · Accipiter striatus |
| 333. | Eurasian Sparrowhawk · Accipiter nisus |
| 334. | Cooper's Hawk · Astur cooperii |
| 335. | Eurasian Goshawk · Astur gentilis |
| 336. | Pallid Harrier · Circus macrourus |
| 337. | Hen Harrier · Circus cyaneus |
| 338. | Northern Harrier · Circus hudsonius |
| 339. | Montagu's Harrier · Circus pygargus |
| 340. | Western Marsh Harrier · Circus aeruginosus |
| 341. | Red Kite · Milvus milvus |
| 342. | Black Kite · Milvus migrans |
| 343. | White-tailed Eagle · Haliaeetus albicilla |
| 344. | Bald Eagle · Haliaeetus leucocephalus |
| 345. | Red-shouldered Hawk · Buteo lineatus |
| 346. | Red-tailed Hawk · Buteo jamaicensis |
| 347. | Rough-legged Buzzard · Buteo lagopus |
| 348. | Common Buzzard · Buteo buteo |
| 349. | Cape Verde Buzzard · Buteo bannermani |
| 350. | Long-legged Buzzard · Buteo rufinus |
STRIGIFORMESBarn Owls · Tytonidae |
|
| 351. | Western Barn Owl · Tyto alba |
| 352. | American Barn Owl · Tyto furcata |
Owls · Strigidae |
|
| 353. | Boreal Owl · Aegolius funereus |
| 354. | Little Owl · Athene noctua |
| 355. | Northern Hawk-Owl · Surnia ulula |
| 356. | Eurasian Pygmy Owl · Glaucidium passerinum |
| 357. | Eurasian Scops Owl · Otus scops |
| 358. | Long-eared Owl · Asio otus |
| 359. | Short-eared Owl · Asio flammeus |
| 360. | Marsh Owl · Asio capensis |
| 361. | Snowy Owl · Bubo scandiacus |
| 362. | Eurasian Eagle-Owl · Bubo bubo |
| 363. | Pharaoh Eagle-Owl · Bubo ascalaphus |
| 364. | Tawny Owl · Strix aluco |
| 365. | Maghreb Owl · Strix mauritanica |
| 366. | Barred Owl · Strix varia |
| 367. | Ural Owl · Strix uralensis |
BUCEROTIFORMESHoopoes · Upupidae |
|
| 368. | Eurasian Hoopoe · Upupa epops |
CORACIIFORMESRollers · Coraciidae |
|
| 369. | European Roller · Coracias garrulus |
Kingfishers · Alcedinidae |
|
| 370. | White-throated Kingfisher · Halcyon smyrnensis |
| 371. | Grey-headed Kingfisher · Halcyon leucocephala |
| 372. | Common Kingfisher · Alcedo atthis |
| 373. | Belted Kingfisher · Megaceryle alcyon |
| 374. | Pied Kingfisher · Ceryle rudis |
Bee-eaters · Meropidae |
|
| 375. | Asian Green Bee-eater · Merops orientalis |
| 376. | Blue-cheeked Bee-eater · Merops persicus |
| 377. | European Bee-eater · Merops apiaster |
PICIFORMESWoodpeckers · Picidae |
|
| 378. | Eurasian Wryneck · Jynx torquilla |
| 379. | Acorn Woodpecker · Melanerpes formicivorus |
| 380. | Red-naped Sapsucker · Sphyrapicus nuchalis |
| 381. | Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker · Picoides tridactylus |
| 382. | Middle Spotted Woodpecker · Dendrocoptes medius |
| 383. | Nuttall's Woodpecker · Dryobates nuttallii |
| 384. | Downy Woodpecker · Dryobates pubescens |
| 385. | Lesser Spotted Woodpecker · Dryobates minor |
| 386. | Hairy Woodpecker · Leuconotopicus villosus |
| 387. | Syrian Woodpecker · Dendrocopos syriacus |
| 388. | Great Spotted Woodpecker · Dendrocopos major |
| 389. | Northern Flicker · Colaptes auratus |
| 390. | Black Woodpecker · Dryocopus martius |
| 391. | European Green Woodpecker · Picus viridis |
| 392. | Levaillant's Woodpecker · Picus vaillantii |
| 393. | Grey-headed Woodpecker · Picus canus |
FALCONIFORMESCaracaras, Falcons · Falconidae |
|
| 394. | Lesser Kestrel · Falco naumanni |
| 395. | Common Kestrel · Falco tinnunculus |
| 396. | American Kestrel · Falco sparverius |
| 397. | Red-footed Falcon · Falco vespertinus |
| 398. | Eleonora's Falcon · Falco eleonorae |
| 399. | Merlin · Falco columbarius |
| 400. | Eurasian Hobby · Falco subbuteo |
| 401. | Lanner Falcon · Falco biarmicus |
| 402. | Saker Falcon · Falco cherrug |
| 403. | Gyrfalcon · Falco rusticolus |
| 404. | Peregrine Falcon · Falco peregrinus |
PASSERIFORMESTyrant Flycatchers, Calyptura · Tyrannidae |
|
| 405. | Black Phoebe · Sayornis nigricans |
| 406. | Say's Phoebe · Sayornis saya |
| 407. | Olive-sided Flycatcher · Contopus cooperi |
| 408. | Western Wood Pewee · Contopus sordidulus |
| 409. | Hammond's Flycatcher · Empidonax hammondii |
| 410. | Western Flycatcher · Empidonax difficilis |
| 411. | Western Kingbird · Tyrannus verticalis |
| 412. | Eastern Kingbird · Tyrannus tyrannus |
Bushshrikes · Malaconotidae |
|
| 413. | Black-crowned Tchagra · Tchagra senegalus |
Vireos, Greenlets, Shrike-babblers · Vireonidae |
|
| 414. | Red-eyed Vireo · Vireo olivaceus |
| 415. | Hutton's Vireo · Vireo huttoni |
Figbirds, Old World Orioles, Piopios · Oriolidae |
|
| 416. | Eurasian Golden Oriole · Oriolus oriolus |
Shrikes · Laniidae |
|
| 417. | Great Grey Shrike · Lanius excubitor |
| 418. | Lesser Grey Shrike · Lanius minor |
| 419. | Woodchat Shrike · Lanius senator |
| 420. | Isabelline Shrike · Lanius isabellinus |
| 421. | Red-backed Shrike · Lanius collurio |
| 422. | Red-tailed Shrike · Lanius phoenicuroides |
| 423. | Brown Shrike · Lanius cristatus |
| 424. | Long-tailed Shrike · Lanius schach |
Crows, Jays · Corvidae |
|
| 425. | Siberian Jay · Perisoreus infaustus |
| 426. | Canada Jay · Perisoreus canadensis |
| 427. | Steller's Jay · Cyanocitta stelleri |
| 428. | California Scrub Jay · Aphelocoma californica |
| 429. | Eurasian Jay · Garrulus glandarius |
| 430. | Eurasian Magpie · Pica pica |
| 431. | Maghreb Magpie · Pica mauritanica |
| 432. | Black-billed Magpie · Pica hudsonia |
| 433. | Clark's Nutcracker · Nucifraga columbiana |
| 434. | Northern Nutcracker · Nucifraga caryocatactes |
| 435. | Red-billed Chough · Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax |
| 436. | Alpine Chough · Pyrrhocorax graculus |
| 437. | Western Jackdaw · Coloeus monedula |
| 438. | Rook · Corvus frugilegus |
| 439. | American Crow · Corvus brachyrhynchos |
| 440. | Carrion Crow · Corvus corone |
| 441. | Hooded Crow · Corvus cornix |
| 442. | Pied Crow · Corvus albus |
| 443. | Brown-necked Raven · Corvus ruficollis |
| 444. | Northern Raven · Corvus corax |
| 445. | Fan-tailed Raven · Corvus rhipidurus |
Waxwings · Bombycillidae |
|
| 446. | Bohemian Waxwing · Bombycilla garrulus |
| 447. | Cedar Waxwing · Bombycilla cedrorum |
Tits, Chickadees · Paridae |
|
| 448. | Coal Tit · Periparus ater |
| 449. | Crested Tit · Lophophanes cristatus |
| 450. | Sombre Tit · Poecile lugubris |
| 451. | Chestnut-backed Chickadee · Poecile rufescens |
| 452. | Black-capped Chickadee · Poecile atricapillus |
| 453. | Mountain Chickadee · Poecile gambeli |
| 454. | Marsh Tit · Poecile palustris |
| 455. | Willow Tit · Poecile montanus |
| 456. | African Blue Tit · Cyanistes teneriffae |
| 457. | Eurasian Blue Tit · Cyanistes caeruleus |
| 458. | Great Tit · Parus major |
Penduline Tits · Remizidae |
|
| 459. | Eurasian Penduline Tit · Remiz pendulinus |
Bearded Reedling · Panuridae |
|
| 460. | Bearded Reedling · Panurus biarmicus |
Larks · Alaudidae |
|
| 461. | Greater Hoopoe-Lark · Alaemon alaudipes |
| 462. | Thick-billed Lark · Ramphocoris clotbey |
| 463. | Desert Lark · Ammomanes deserti |
| 464. | Bar-tailed Lark · Ammomanes cinctura |
| 465. | Black-crowned Sparrow-Lark · Eremopterix nigriceps |
| 466. | Woodlark · Lullula arborea |
| 467. | Raso Lark · Alauda razae |
| 468. | Eurasian Skylark · Alauda arvensis |
| 469. | Thekla's Lark · Galerida theklae |
| 470. | Crested Lark · Galerida cristata |
| 471. | Maghreb Lark · Galerida macrorhyncha |
| 472. | Horned Lark · Eremophila alpestris |
| 473. | Temminck's Lark · Eremophila bilopha |
| 474. | Greater Short-toed Lark · Calandrella brachydactyla |
| 475. | Calandra Lark · Melanocorypha calandra |
| 476. | Dupont's Lark · Chersophilus duponti |
| 477. | Dunn's Lark · Eremalauda dunni |
| 478. | Mediterranean Short-toed Lark · Alaudala rufescens |
Bulbuls · Pycnonotidae |
|
| 479. | White-spectacled Bulbul · Pycnonotus xanthopygos |
| 480. | Common Bulbul · Pycnonotus barbatus |
Swallows, Martins · Hirundinidae |
|
| 481. | Brown-throated Martin · Riparia paludicola |
| 482. | Sand Martin · Riparia riparia |
| 483. | Tree Swallow · Tachycineta bicolor |
| 484. | Violet-green Swallow · Tachycineta thalassina |
| 485. | Purple Martin · Progne subis |
| 486. | Northern Rough-winged Swallow · Stelgidopteryx serripennis |
| 487. | Eurasian Crag Martin · Ptyonoprogne rupestris |
| 488. | Pale Crag Martin · Ptyonoprogne obsoleta |
| 489. | Barn Swallow · Hirundo rustica |
| 490. | Western House Martin · Delichon urbicum |
| 491. | Eastern Red-rumped Swallow · Cecropis daurica |
| 492. | American Cliff Swallow · Petrochelidon pyrrhonota |
Cettia Bush Warblers & Allies · Cettiidae |
|
| 493. | Cetti's Warbler · Cettia cetti |
Streaked Scrub Warbler · Scotocercidae |
|
| 494. | Streaked Scrub Warbler · Scotocerca inquieta |
Bushtits · Aegithalidae |
|
| 495. | American Bushtit · Psaltriparus minimus |
| 496. | Long-tailed Tit · Aegithalos caudatus |
Leaf Warblers · Phylloscopidae |
|
| 497. | Wood Warbler · Phylloscopus sibilatrix |
| 498. | Western Bonelli's Warbler · Phylloscopus bonelli |
| 499. | Eastern Bonelli's Warbler · Phylloscopus orientalis |
| 500. | Hume's Leaf Warbler · Phylloscopus humei |
| 501. | Yellow-browed Warbler · Phylloscopus inornatus |
| 502. | Pallas's Leaf Warbler · Phylloscopus proregulus |
| 503. | Radde's Warbler · Phylloscopus schwarzi |
| 504. | Dusky Warbler · Phylloscopus fuscatus |
| 505. | Willow Warbler · Phylloscopus trochilus |
| 506. | Canary Islands Chiffchaff · Phylloscopus canariensis |
| 507. | Common Chiffchaff · Phylloscopus collybita |
| 508. | Iberian Chiffchaff · Phylloscopus ibericus |
| 509. | Eastern Crowned Warbler · Phylloscopus coronatus |
| 510. | Two-barred Warbler · Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus |
| 511. | Greenish Warbler · Phylloscopus trochiloides |
| 512. | Arctic Warbler · Phylloscopus borealis |
Reed Warblers & Allies · Acrocephalidae |
|
| 513. | Cape Verde Warbler · Acrocephalus brevipennis |
| 514. | Great Reed Warbler · Acrocephalus arundinaceus |
| 515. | Moustached Warbler · Acrocephalus melanopogon |
| 516. | Aquatic Warbler · Acrocephalus paludicola |
| 517. | Sedge Warbler · Acrocephalus schoenobaenus |
| 518. | Common Reed Warbler · Acrocephalus scirpaceus |
| 519. | Marsh Warbler · Acrocephalus palustris |
| 520. | Booted Warbler · Iduna caligata |
| 521. | Eastern Olivaceous Warbler · Iduna pallida |
| 522. | Western Olivaceous Warbler · Iduna opaca |
| 523. | Upcher's Warbler · Hippolais languida |
| 524. | Melodious Warbler · Hippolais polyglotta |
| 525. | Icterine Warbler · Hippolais icterina |
Grassbirds & Allies · Locustellidae |
|
| 526. | River Warbler · Locustella fluviatilis |
| 527. | Savi's Warbler · Locustella luscinioides |
| 528. | Common Grasshopper Warbler · Locustella naevia |
Cisticolas & Allies · Cisticolidae |
|
| 529. | Zitting Cisticola · Cisticola juncidis |
| 530. | Graceful Prinia · Prinia gracilis |
| 531. | Cricket Warbler · Spiloptila clamans |
Sylviid Babblers · Sylviidae |
|
| 532. | Eurasian Blackcap · Sylvia atricapilla |
| 533. | Garden Warbler · Sylvia borin |
| 534. | Barred Warbler · Curruca nisoria |
| 535. | Lesser Whitethroat · Curruca curruca |
| 536. | Arabian Warbler · Curruca leucomelaena |
| 537. | Western Orphean Warbler · Curruca hortensis |
| 538. | African Desert Warbler · Curruca deserti |
| 539. | Asian Desert Warbler · Curruca nana |
| 540. | Tristram's Warbler · Curruca deserticola |
| 541. | Sardinian Warbler · Curruca melanocephala |
| 542. | Eastern Subalpine Warbler · Curruca cantillans |
| 543. | Common Whitethroat · Curruca communis |
| 544. | Spectacled Warbler · Curruca conspicillata |
| 545. | Dartford Warbler · Curruca undata |
| 546. | Balearic Warbler · Curruca balearica |
Parrotbills & Allies · Paradoxornithidae |
|
| 547. | Wrentit · Chamaea fasciata |
Laughingthrushes & Allies · Leiothrichidae |
|
| 548. | Fulvous Babbler · Argya fulva |
| 549. | Arabian Babbler · Argya squamiceps |
Goldcrests, Kinglets · Regulidae |
|
| 550. | Ruby-crowned Kinglet · Corthylio calendula |
| 551. | Common Firecrest · Regulus ignicapilla |
| 552. | Golden-crowned Kinglet · Regulus satrapa |
| 553. | Goldcrest · Regulus regulus |
Wrens · Troglodytidae |
|
| 554. | Bewick's Wren · Thryomanes bewickii |
| 555. | Eurasian Wren · Troglodytes troglodytes |
| 556. | Pacific Wren · Troglodytes pacificus |
| 557. | Northern House Wren · Troglodytes aedon |
Nuthatches · Sittidae |
|
| 558. | White-breasted Nuthatch · Sitta carolinensis |
| 559. | Pygmy Nuthatch · Sitta pygmaea |
| 560. | Red-breasted Nuthatch · Sitta canadensis |
| 561. | Western Rock Nuthatch · Sitta neumayer |
| 562. | Eurasian Nuthatch · Sitta europaea |
Wallcreeper · Tichodromidae |
|
| 563. | Wallcreeper · Tichodroma muraria |
Treecreepers · Certhiidae |
|
| 564. | Eurasian Treecreeper · Certhia familiaris |
| 565. | Brown Creeper · Certhia americana |
| 566. | Short-toed Treecreeper · Certhia brachydactyla |
Mockingbirds, Thrashers · Mimidae |
|
| 567. | Grey Catbird · Dumetella carolinensis |
| 568. | Sage Thrasher · Oreoscoptes montanus |
| 569. | California Thrasher · Toxostoma redivivum |
Starlings, Rhabdornises · Sturnidae |
|
| 570. | Rosy Starling · Pastor roseus |
| 571. | Common Starling · Sturnus vulgaris |
| 572. | Spotless Starling · Sturnus unicolor |
| 573. | Tristram's Starling · Onychognathus tristramii |
Thrushes · Turdidae |
|
| 574. | Mountain Bluebird · Sialia currucoides |
| 575. | Western Bluebird · Sialia mexicana |
| 576. | Townsend's Solitaire · Myadestes townsendi |
| 577. | Varied Thrush · Ixoreus naevius |
| 578. | Swainson's Thrush · Catharus ustulatus |
| 579. | Hermit Thrush · Catharus guttatus |
| 580. | Song Thrush · Turdus philomelos |
| 581. | Mistle Thrush · Turdus viscivorus |
| 582. | Redwing · Turdus iliacus |
| 583. | Common Blackbird · Turdus merula |
| 584. | Eyebrowed Thrush · Turdus obscurus |
| 585. | Fieldfare · Turdus pilaris |
| 586. | Ring Ouzel · Turdus torquatus |
| 587. | Black-throated Thrush · Turdus atrogularis |
| 588. | Dusky Thrush · Turdus eunomus |
| 589. | American Robin · Turdus migratorius |
Chats, Old World Flycatchers · Muscicapidae |
|
| 590. | Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin · Cercotrichas galactotes |
| 591. | Spotted Flycatcher · Muscicapa striata |
| 592. | Mediterranean Flycatcher · Muscicapa tyrrhenica |
| 593. | European Robin · Erithacus rubecula |
| 594. | Thrush Nightingale · Luscinia luscinia |
| 595. | Common Nightingale · Luscinia megarhynchos |
| 596. | Bluethroat · Luscinia svecica |
| 597. | Siberian Rubythroat · Calliope calliope |
| 598. | Red-breasted Flycatcher · Ficedula parva |
| 599. | Atlas Pied Flycatcher · Ficedula speculigera |
| 600. | European Pied Flycatcher · Ficedula hypoleuca |
| 601. | Collared Flycatcher · Ficedula albicollis |
| 602. | Red-flanked Bluetail · Tarsiger cyanurus |
| 603. | Black Redstart · Phoenicurus ochruros |
| 604. | Common Redstart · Phoenicurus phoenicurus |
| 605. | Moussier's Redstart · Phoenicurus moussieri |
| 606. | Common Rock Thrush · Monticola saxatilis |
| 607. | Blue Rock Thrush · Monticola solitarius |
| 608. | Whinchat · Saxicola rubetra |
| 609. | Siberian Stonechat · Saxicola maurus |
| 610. | European Stonechat · Saxicola rubicola |
| 611. | Canary Islands Stonechat · Saxicola dacotiae |
| 612. | Northern Wheatear · Oenanthe oenanthe |
| 613. | Atlas Wheatear · Oenanthe seebohmi |
| 614. | Isabelline Wheatear · Oenanthe isabellina |
| 615. | Hooded Wheatear · Oenanthe monacha |
| 616. | Desert Wheatear · Oenanthe deserti |
| 617. | Western Black-eared Wheatear · Oenanthe hispanica |
| 618. | Pied Wheatear · Oenanthe pleschanka |
| 619. | Eastern Black-eared Wheatear · Oenanthe melanoleuca |
| 620. | Red-rumped Wheatear · Oenanthe moesta |
| 621. | Blackstart · Oenanthe melanura |
| 622. | Finsch's Wheatear · Oenanthe finschii |
| 623. | Mourning Wheatear · Oenanthe lugens |
| 624. | Basalt Wheatear · Oenanthe warriae |
| 625. | White-crowned Wheatear · Oenanthe leucopyga |
| 626. | Black Wheatear · Oenanthe leucura |
Dippers · Cinclidae |
|
| 627. | White-throated Dipper · Cinclus cinclus |
| 628. | American Dipper · Cinclus mexicanus |
Sunbirds · Nectariniidae |
|
| 629. | Palestine Sunbird · Cinnyris osea |
Old World Sparrows, Snowfinches · Passeridae |
|
| 630. | Rock Sparrow · Petronia petronia |
| 631. | White-winged Snowfinch · Montifringilla nivalis |
| 632. | Eurasian Tree Sparrow · Passer montanus |
| 633. | Spanish Sparrow · Passer hispaniolensis |
| 634. | Italian Sparrow · Passer italiae |
| 635. | House Sparrow · Passer domesticus |
| 636. | Iago Sparrow · Passer iagoensis |
| 637. | Desert Sparrow · Passer simplex |
| 638. | Dead Sea Sparrow · Passer moabiticus |
Accentors · Prunellidae |
|
| 639. | Alpine Accentor · Prunella collaris |
| 640. | Dunnock · Prunella modularis |
Wagtails, Pipits · Motacillidae |
|
| 641. | Western Yellow Wagtail · Motacilla flava |
| 642. | Citrine Wagtail · Motacilla citreola |
| 643. | Grey Wagtail · Motacilla cinerea |
| 644. | White Wagtail · Motacilla alba |
| 645. | Richard's Pipit · Anthus richardi |
| 646. | Blyth's Pipit · Anthus godlewskii |
| 647. | Tawny Pipit · Anthus campestris |
| 648. | Meadow Pipit · Anthus pratensis |
| 649. | Tree Pipit · Anthus trivialis |
| 650. | Olive-backed Pipit · Anthus hodgsoni |
| 651. | Red-throated Pipit · Anthus cervinus |
| 652. | American Pipit · Anthus rubescens |
| 653. | Water Pipit · Anthus spinoletta |
| 654. | European Rock Pipit · Anthus petrosus |
| 655. | Berthelot's Pipit · Anthus berthelotii |
Finches, Euphonias · Fringillidae |
|
| 656. | Eurasian Chaffinch · Fringilla coelebs |
| 657. | African Chaffinch · Fringilla spodiogenys |
| 658. | Canary Islands Chaffinch · Fringilla canariensis |
| 659. | Tenerife Blue Chaffinch · Fringilla teydea |
| 660. | Gran Canaria Blue Chaffinch · Fringilla polatzeki |
| 661. | Brambling · Fringilla montifringilla |
| 662. | Hawfinch · Coccothraustes coccothraustes |
| 663. | Eurasian Bullfinch · Pyrrhula pyrrhula |
| 664. | Crimson-winged Finch · Rhodopechys sanguineus |
| 665. | Trumpeter Finch · Bucanetes githagineus |
| 666. | Grey-crowned Rosy Finch · Leucosticte tephrocotis |
| 667. | Common Rosefinch · Carpodacus erythrinus |
| 668. | Sinai Rosefinch · Carpodacus synoicus |
| 669. | Purple Finch · Haemorhous purpureus |
| 670. | House Finch · Haemorhous mexicanus |
| 671. | European Greenfinch · Chloris chloris |
| 672. | Desert Finch · Rhodospiza obsoleta |
| 673. | Twite · Linaria flavirostris |
| 674. | Common Linnet · Linaria cannabina |
| 675. | Redpoll · Acanthis flammea |
| 676. | Parrot Crossbill · Loxia pytyopsittacus |
| 677. | Red Crossbill · Loxia curvirostra |
| 678. | Two-barred Crossbill · Loxia leucoptera |
| 679. | European Goldfinch · Carduelis carduelis |
| 680. | Citril Finch · Carduelis citrinella |
| 681. | European Serin · Serinus serinus |
| 682. | Syrian Serin · Serinus syriacus |
| 683. | Atlantic Canary · Serinus canaria |
| 684. | American Goldfinch · Spinus tristis |
| 685. | Lesser Goldfinch · Spinus psaltria |
| 686. | Eurasian Siskin · Spinus spinus |
| 687. | Pine Siskin · Spinus pinus |
Longspurs, Snow Buntings · Calcariidae |
|
| 688. | Lapland Longspur · Calcarius lapponicus |
| 689. | Snow Bunting · Plectrophenax nivalis |
Buntings · Emberizidae |
|
| 690. | Corn Bunting · Emberiza calandra |
| 691. | Yellowhammer · Emberiza citrinella |
| 692. | Pine Bunting · Emberiza leucocephalos |
| 693. | Rock Bunting · Emberiza cia |
| 694. | Ortolan Bunting · Emberiza hortulana |
| 695. | Cretzschmar's Bunting · Emberiza caesia |
| 696. | Cirl Bunting · Emberiza cirlus |
| 697. | Striolated Bunting · Emberiza striolata |
| 698. | House Bunting · Emberiza sahari |
| 699. | Little Bunting · Emberiza pusilla |
| 700. | Rustic Bunting · Emberiza rustica |
| 701. | Black-headed Bunting · Emberiza melanocephala |
| 702. | Common Reed Bunting · Emberiza schoeniclus |
New World Sparrows · Passerellidae |
|
| 703. | Lark Sparrow · Chondestes grammacus |
| 704. | Chipping Sparrow · Spizella passerina |
| 705. | Brewer's Sparrow · Spizella breweri |
| 706. | Red Fox Sparrow · Passerella iliaca |
| 707. | Dark-eyed Junco · Junco hyemalis |
| 708. | White-crowned Sparrow · Zonotrichia leucophrys |
| 709. | White-throated Sparrow · Zonotrichia albicollis |
| 710. | Savannah Sparrow · Passerculus sandwichensis |
| 711. | Song Sparrow · Melospiza melodia |
| 712. | California Towhee · Melozone crissalis |
| 713. | Spotted Towhee · Pipilo maculatus |
Oropendolas, New World Orioles, Blackbirds · Icteridae |
|
| 714. | Yellow-headed Blackbird · Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus |
| 715. | Bullock's Oriole · Icterus bullockii |
| 716. | Baltimore Oriole · Icterus galbula |
| 717. | Red-winged Blackbird · Agelaius phoeniceus |
| 718. | Brown-headed Cowbird · Molothrus ater |
| 719. | Brewer's Blackbird · Euphagus cyanocephalus |
New World Warblers · Parulidae |
|
| 720. | Northern Waterthrush · Parkesia noveboracensis |
| 721. | Orange-crowned Warbler · Leiothlypis celata |
| 722. | Common Yellowthroat · Geothlypis trichas |
| 723. | American Yellow Warbler · Setophaga aestiva |
| 724. | Audubon's Warbler · Setophaga auduboni |
| 725. | Black-throated Grey Warbler · Setophaga nigrescens |
| 726. | Townsend's Warbler · Setophaga townsendi |
| 727. | Wilson's Warbler · Cardellina pusilla |
Cardinals & Allies · Cardinalidae |
|
| 728. | Western Tanager · Piranga ludoviciana |
| 729. | Black-headed Grosbeak · Pheucticus melanocephalus |
| 730. | Lazuli Bunting · Passerina amoena |