Strandplevieren van zuidelijk India en Sri Lanka zijn als aparte soort te beschouwen.
Niroshan, JJ, Liu, Y, Martinez, J, Que, P, Wei, C, Weerakkody, S, Panagoda, G, Weerasena, J, Thasun Amarasinghe, AA, Székely, T, Bond, AL & Seneviratne, SS 2023. Systematic revision of the ‘diminutive’ Kentish Plover (Charadriidae: Charadrius) with the resurrection of Charadrius seebohmi based on phenotypic and genetic analyses. Ibis in press.
Abstract: The Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus 1758 is a common shorebird in Eurasia and North Africa that breeds in a variety of habitats, exhibits different extents of migratory behaviour, and is an emerging model species of breeding system evolution. Here we focus on the resident population found across the southern tip of India and Sri Lanka, and re-evaluate its systematic status based on phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness from a sympatric migrant, C. alexandrinus sensu stricto, and the recently elevated closely related, C. dealbatus in East Asia. We show that the Sri Lankan and South Indian (South Asian) population differs in body size, moulting pattern and plumage colouration from C. alexandrinus and C. dealbatus. Furthermore, based on two mitochondrial, two sex-linked, and 11 autosomal microsatellite markers from 378 individuals, we show that these three taxa have moderate genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.078 - 0.096). The South Asian taxon is sister to the clade of C. alexandrinus sensu stricto and C. dealbatus with an estimated divergence time of 1.19 million years ago. We also examined ornithological records of major museum collections in Asia, Europe, and North America for the south Asian taxon to evaluate its biogeographic and taxonomic status. Based on differences in genotype, phenotype, allochronic migratory pattern and breeding range, we resurrect the most suitable synonym, Charadrius alexandrinus seebohmi Hartert and Jackson, 1915, and elevate the nomen to the species level with the proposed English name ‘Hanuman Plover’.